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THE AZTEK'S TALE LEGEND OF EXISTENCE

THE AZTEK'S TALE LEGEND OF EXISTENCE

 The Aztecs, who lived in present-day central Mexico, had a complex belief system based on gods that directly affected people's lives, including those who controlled the rising of the sun, fertility, and rains.

 According to the Aztecs, the creation of the world began with a deity named Ometeotl, also known as the dual deity, as it was made from the union of Tonacacihuatl and Tonacatecuhtli, whom the Aztec believed to be the mistress and lord of their nourishment.  Tonacacihuatl and Tonacatecuhtli had four children:

 Tezcatlipoca, meaning "smoky mirror", is associated with the color black.  He is the god of the world and the most influential and dominant of the four children.

 Xipe Totec, which means "skinned god" in Nahuatl language, is associated with the color red.  He is the god of all seasons and all things that grow on earth.

 Quetzalcoatl, which means "feathered snake", is associated with the color white.  He is the god of air.

 Finally, Huitzilopochtli, meaning "hummingbird in the south", is associated with the color blue.  He is the god of war.

 The four children decided they wanted to create a world with the people they would live in.  Huitzilopochtli and Quetzalcoatl make the first try, starting by lighting a fire.  This fire turns into the sun, but only half the sun because it wasn't bright enough or big enough to illuminate their entire world.  Later, they made the first woman and man, which they called Oxomoco and Cipactonal, respectively.  Their children were called `` macehuales '' and they would become farmers.  They invented the aftermath and later the hell they called Mictlan.  They created 2 gods named Mictecacihuatl and Mictlantecuhtli to rule this underworld.

 

 Eventually the earth demanded a true sun, so Tezcatlipoca took on the task of transforming itself into the sun.  This will be known as the first age of the sun.  During this time, they also produced giants to settle in the world.  Thinking that the reign of his brothers remained long enough, Quetzalcoatl struck him with a hammer, bringing him down from the sky so he fell to earth and a river.  But he rises out of the water as an angry Jaguar and wants to destroy all the giants, killing them all.  After destroying everyone, it rises back to the night sky and the constellation turns into the great bear.  Quetzalcoatl thus becomes the sun god who gave birth to the second solar age.  Tezcatlipoca does not sit idly by throwing a tremendous storm to the world to take revenge on his brother, which wipes out his brother and many farmers.  But even if some of the farmers are strong enough to withstand the storm and survive, they will eventually turn into monkeys and take refuge in the forests.

 In the third solar age, Tlaloc finally takes over and becomes the new sun of the world.  He is the god of rain that sprouts everything.  This time, Quetzalcoatl tries to overwhelm the world with the rain of flame this time, and this time turns all people into birds in the solar age.  But then he gave the earth to Tlaloc's wife, Chalchiuhtlicue (goddess of streams / rivers and all kinds of water).  During his rule, the world meets the rain and floods the whole world, turning all farmers into fish.  He is not satisfied with this, he drops the sky to the earth and covers and covers it completely, so that there is nothing about the earth.

  The cycle of the fourth sun is completed there.  In the end, realizing how they failed because of their own internal strife, Tezcatlipoca and Quetzalcoatl set out alone and solve their problems.  They turn themselves into giant trees and sit at one end of the earth.  By extending and joining branches, they manage to keep the sky above.  Their father, Tonacatecuhtli, sees that they have learned from these mistakes, and because he believes they will be more successful in the future, he handed them over the galaxy we know as the Milky Way as a star path.

  

 There are many different stories about how the 5th solar age was formed.  According to one legend, Tezcatlipoca tells his brothers how to take a flint and use it to light a fire again with it, before thinking about what to do.  Ultimately, he decides to create a new sun that feeds on people's blood and hearts.  Five females and four hundred males are made to feed the sun.  The rest is where the story goes in different directions.  Some say that Tlaloc and Quetzalcoatl wanted their own children to be the new sun, so each threw their children into the burning Tezcatlipoca.  Before Tlaloc surrenders his son to the scorching sun, he waits for his fire to turn into embers so that it becomes the moon dull than his son.  Quetzalcoatl chooses to throw his son directly into the fire, so he is the fifth and last sun we see today.

 Another legend tells of the gods gathering in the ancient city of Teotihuacan to discuss how to make a new sun.  Accordingly, Nanahuatzin, the god of disease, is trying to throw himself into fire and become the new sun.  The other gods, who thought he was a sick and weak god, were convinced that he was not a suitable god for the job, and they thought that a god stronger than him should be the new sun.

 Although Tecuciztecatl, a very rich god, comes forward and says that he will surrender himself to the sun and become the new sun god, he does not have the courage to do so.  In the end, though a little bit stiff, the god Nanahuatzin surrenders himself to the fires and leaps into the sun.

 

  

 When Tecuciztecatl sees his courage, he decides to surrender himself to the sun and jump.  Thus, they both turn into two different suns, but the lights of these two suns were so dazzling that they could no longer see anything.  So one of the other gods throws a rabbit at Tecuciztecatl, reducing its glow and thus transforming it into a moon.  Nanahautzin, now the new sun, will be reborn as Ollin Tonatiuh and enlighten the world.  But now a new problem arose, for this god he would hang motionless in the sky, not completing his cycle, unless the other gods spilled their blood.

 

 Thus, a god named Tlahuizcalpantecuhtli, the lord of the dawn, shoots an arrow at Tonatiuh but misses.  Tonatiuh also turns into Itzlacoliuhqui, the god of frost, coldness and obsidian, as a result of throwing that arrow back to Tlahuizcalpantecuhtli and hitting it directly.  Realizing that they cannot resist, other gods open their breasts and offer their hearts to him.  Quetzalcoatl also cut their hearts with a divine knife.  Thus, Tonatiuh, who is filled with the blood of the gods, starts his cycle in the sky as we see it today.  Quetzalcoatl takes and packs the ornaments and clothing of the sacrificed gods.  The Aztecs began to worship these packages ever since.

HOLIDAY STATE 682-745

HOLIDAY STATE 682-745

 The Göktürks, who lived in Chinese captivity for 50 years, rebelled many times for independence. They did not succeed because they did not have a good leader. In 682, İlteriş (Kutluk) rebelled against China with Tonyukuk.  After the death of İlteriş, Kapağan Kağan took the lead. China was put under pressure. The borders were expanded by subjecting the Qitan, the Kyrgyz and the Onok.

 When the Oguz revolted, the rebellion was suppressed. Kapağan fell into the ambush of the Bayurks as a result of the Chinese provocation and died.  (716) Tahta Kutluk's son, Bilge Kagan, who, together with his brother Kültekin and Vizier Tonyukuk, inflicted a great blow to China and suppressed the uprisings.  After the death of this trio, the state began to weaken.The Basmillar, Karluks, and Uighurs revolted.

 .

 The reasons for the collapse are:

 Strife between tribes

 Chinese repression and intrigue

 Chinese princesses spying

 The fall of the Silk Road to China

 The inheritance system has been effective.

 Looking at the features of Kutluks:

 This state gave the first written examples of our literature and history.

 During the Kapağan Kağan period, agriculture was important.

 A national policy was followed by asking back the Turks who settled in China.

 Founder of Kutluk State

  It is the leader that ensures the independence and sovereignty of the Turks in China.  It is also referred to as İlteriş in literature and historical sources.  He was born and lived in China.  He established the Göktürk State once again in 682.  For this establishment, he is the leader who managed to gather all Turkish Tribes under one flag.  He organized 47 voyages in his life and personally participated in 27 of these voyages.  He ruled for many years and passed away in 692.  After his death, Kapkan Kağan replaced him because his sons were small.

 Rulers of Kutluk State

  The founder of the Kutluk State is known as Kutluk Kağan.  With the death of Kutluk Kağan, Kapkan Kağan replaced him.  Kapkan Khan is the second ruler of the Kutluk State.  After Kapkan Khan, he changed many rulers until his collapse:

  - Kutluk Kagan

  - Kapkan Kagan

  - Inel Kagan

  - Bilge Kagan

  - Yolluğ Tigin (The brightest period)

  - Wise Kutluk Tengri Kagan

  - Siuan Kagan

  - II.  Bilge Kagan

  - Ozmış Kagan

  - Bomei Tegin Kagan

 Kutluk State Boundaries

  The state of Kutluk expanded its borders since its foundation and reached very wide borders until its collapse.  It spread over a wide geography by taking the Chinese lands under its sovereignty.  It has reached Siberia in the north, Iran and Tibet in the south, and the Caspian Sea in the west.  There are Turkes, Karluks, Ötüken, Çin Türkeli, Manchuria and Mongolia lands within the lands.

  The Fall of Kutluk State

  The state of Kutluk went through very bright periods after the reign of Kutluk Khan and spread to wide geographies.  However, after the death of Bilge Kagan, the state witnessed internal conflicts within itself.  The fact that the state has reached wide borders and the administration is not strong has increased the strength of the internal conflicts.  Some Turkish states started to revolt.  Especially the Uighur, Basmil and Karluk Turks broke up the state by causing riots.

Zulkarneyn

Zulkarneyn

 Dhu'l-Qarnayn or Zü'l-Karneyn (Arabic: ذو القرنين) is a person mentioned in Surah Kahf of the Quran, the holy book of the Islamic religion.  Whether he is a prophet or not is controversial.  The narrative about himself includes Gog and Magog, in which similar narratives are also found in Tanah.  In the narrative in the Quran, it is mentioned that he built a barrier to prevent Gog and Magog, who or what they are not disclosed.  The age in which he lived is not specified.

 The verses mentioned in the Quran

 * They also ask you about Zulkarneyn.  Say: "I will read you a memory from him."

 * We made him powerful in the earth and gave him a way in all matters.

 * He also followed a path.

 * When the sun went down, he found it sinking in a black slime cell.  He saw a tribe there.  “O Zulkarneyn!  We said, "You either punish them or take the path of good for them."

 * Dhu'l-Qarnayn said, “We will punish whoever persecutes him.  Then he will be returned to his Lord.  He will inflict an unprecedented torment on him, ”he said.

 * “Whoever believes and does righteous deeds has better reward for him.  We will tell him what is easier than our command. "

 * Then he followed a course again.

 * When he reached the place where the sun rises, he found him born on a people whom we did not put a cover between them and the sun.

 *That's it.  Surely, we have surrounded those beside him with our knowledge.

 * Then he followed a course again.

 * When he reached between two mountains, he found a people in front of them who could hardly understand any words.

 * They said: “O Zulkarneyn!  Gog and Magog are committing mischief in the earth.  Shall we pay you a tax in exchange for making a barrier between them and us? "

 * Dhu'l-Qarnayn said, “What my Lord gave me is better.  Now you help me with your strength and I will make a solid obstacle between you and them ”.

 * "Bring me an iron mine" he said.  When you align the gap between the two slopes, "fan it!"  said.  When you melt iron and make embers,

 He said, "Bring me molten copper, I'll drain on it."

 * They could neither surpass nor pierce it anymore.

 * Dhu'l-Qarnayn said, “This is a mercy of my Lord.  When the promise of my Lord comes, he will destroy him.  My Lord's promise is true. ”(18: 83-98)

 For verse 96, there is a footnote in the meaning of the Directorate of Religious Affairs: "If the phrase" zubera'l-hadid "is translated as" iron pieces "in the Quran, we prefer to convert it as" iron mine ".  and. "  In addition, the word promise in verse 98 is perceived as the period of time close to Doomsday (the End Times) and the invasion of Gog and Magog in the world is interpreted as one of the signs of doom.

 Etymological origin of the name

 The word Zulkarneyn is Arabic.  It comes from the combination of the words zü and karneyn.  Zü means owner and owner.  Karn means horn, forelock, hill, time, and sun.  Karneyn means the tesniye of the abdomen, two of them.  Accordingly, the word Zulkarneyn is translated as having two horns.  However, when the verses in Surah Al-Kahf are considered, a translation as "the owner of two times" or a time traveler also comes to mind.

 Dhu'l-Qarnayn's Identity Problem

 Based on the exact similarity of Surat al-Kahf with the Orkhon Inscriptions of the Quran, it is claimed that Zulkarneyn was Bilge Kagan or another Turkish commander who lived in ancient times or Oguz Khan.  In Turkish legends, the Turkish khan marries girls who descend from the sky in a tree hole, the first state established under the Turkish name is established with a name related to space ("Gök" Turks), in a legend, copper is poured into the mountain and melted with bellows and the road is reopened.  The facts such as the surprising finding of traces of this culture in the eastern excavations and the hadiths transmitted from Muhammad strengthen this last claim.

 The character of Zulkarneyn is attributed to Alexander the Great (wearing a double-horned helmet) or to Cyrus the Great by tafsir scholars such as Ebu'l Kelam Azad, Muhammed Huseyin Tabatabaî and Nasir Mekarim Shirazi, because the word meaning has double horns.

 Considering that Zulkarneyn, who is understood to be a legendary commander or king whose identity definition was made with blurred lines in the Quran, knew iron processing, it is understood that he lived after the Iron Age.  It represents the head of a state or sovereign whose borders are to the east and west, reaching the widest possible points.  The magnitude of his accomplishments leads him to be entrenched in the legend that God supports him.  The expression Zulkarneyn (double-horned) is used in reference to the double-horned helmet he used in wars.  So far the story seems to be compatible with Alexander the Great, and most of the Koran [[| commentary | commentary]] come to the conclusion that Dhu'l-Qarnayn is Alexander.  However, other parts of the story consist of elements compiled from other geographies.  The set built by Alexander with iron masses is the Great Wall of Zulkarneyn / (Great Wall of China), which causes confusion in the commentators given the identity of the builder, the mortar of the wall and against whom (Gog and Magog) it was built, and even the endless search for identity  It leads to claims that Muhammad was himself.

 Some modernist commentators, using contemporary elements in their interpretations, do not hesitate to suggest that he is a time traveler capable of interplanetary travel.

 A 16th-century Persian miniature depicting Dhu'l-Qarnayn's building a set to prevent Gog and Magog, set in the narrative of Dhu'l-Qarnayn.