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THE AZTEK'S TALE LEGEND OF EXISTENCE

THE AZTEK'S TALE LEGEND OF EXISTENCE

 The Aztecs, who lived in present-day central Mexico, had a complex belief system based on gods that directly affected people's lives, including those who controlled the rising of the sun, fertility, and rains.

 According to the Aztecs, the creation of the world began with a deity named Ometeotl, also known as the dual deity, as it was made from the union of Tonacacihuatl and Tonacatecuhtli, whom the Aztec believed to be the mistress and lord of their nourishment.  Tonacacihuatl and Tonacatecuhtli had four children:

 Tezcatlipoca, meaning "smoky mirror", is associated with the color black.  He is the god of the world and the most influential and dominant of the four children.

 Xipe Totec, which means "skinned god" in Nahuatl language, is associated with the color red.  He is the god of all seasons and all things that grow on earth.

 Quetzalcoatl, which means "feathered snake", is associated with the color white.  He is the god of air.

 Finally, Huitzilopochtli, meaning "hummingbird in the south", is associated with the color blue.  He is the god of war.

 The four children decided they wanted to create a world with the people they would live in.  Huitzilopochtli and Quetzalcoatl make the first try, starting by lighting a fire.  This fire turns into the sun, but only half the sun because it wasn't bright enough or big enough to illuminate their entire world.  Later, they made the first woman and man, which they called Oxomoco and Cipactonal, respectively.  Their children were called `` macehuales '' and they would become farmers.  They invented the aftermath and later the hell they called Mictlan.  They created 2 gods named Mictecacihuatl and Mictlantecuhtli to rule this underworld.

 

 Eventually the earth demanded a true sun, so Tezcatlipoca took on the task of transforming itself into the sun.  This will be known as the first age of the sun.  During this time, they also produced giants to settle in the world.  Thinking that the reign of his brothers remained long enough, Quetzalcoatl struck him with a hammer, bringing him down from the sky so he fell to earth and a river.  But he rises out of the water as an angry Jaguar and wants to destroy all the giants, killing them all.  After destroying everyone, it rises back to the night sky and the constellation turns into the great bear.  Quetzalcoatl thus becomes the sun god who gave birth to the second solar age.  Tezcatlipoca does not sit idly by throwing a tremendous storm to the world to take revenge on his brother, which wipes out his brother and many farmers.  But even if some of the farmers are strong enough to withstand the storm and survive, they will eventually turn into monkeys and take refuge in the forests.

 In the third solar age, Tlaloc finally takes over and becomes the new sun of the world.  He is the god of rain that sprouts everything.  This time, Quetzalcoatl tries to overwhelm the world with the rain of flame this time, and this time turns all people into birds in the solar age.  But then he gave the earth to Tlaloc's wife, Chalchiuhtlicue (goddess of streams / rivers and all kinds of water).  During his rule, the world meets the rain and floods the whole world, turning all farmers into fish.  He is not satisfied with this, he drops the sky to the earth and covers and covers it completely, so that there is nothing about the earth.

  The cycle of the fourth sun is completed there.  In the end, realizing how they failed because of their own internal strife, Tezcatlipoca and Quetzalcoatl set out alone and solve their problems.  They turn themselves into giant trees and sit at one end of the earth.  By extending and joining branches, they manage to keep the sky above.  Their father, Tonacatecuhtli, sees that they have learned from these mistakes, and because he believes they will be more successful in the future, he handed them over the galaxy we know as the Milky Way as a star path.

  

 There are many different stories about how the 5th solar age was formed.  According to one legend, Tezcatlipoca tells his brothers how to take a flint and use it to light a fire again with it, before thinking about what to do.  Ultimately, he decides to create a new sun that feeds on people's blood and hearts.  Five females and four hundred males are made to feed the sun.  The rest is where the story goes in different directions.  Some say that Tlaloc and Quetzalcoatl wanted their own children to be the new sun, so each threw their children into the burning Tezcatlipoca.  Before Tlaloc surrenders his son to the scorching sun, he waits for his fire to turn into embers so that it becomes the moon dull than his son.  Quetzalcoatl chooses to throw his son directly into the fire, so he is the fifth and last sun we see today.

 Another legend tells of the gods gathering in the ancient city of Teotihuacan to discuss how to make a new sun.  Accordingly, Nanahuatzin, the god of disease, is trying to throw himself into fire and become the new sun.  The other gods, who thought he was a sick and weak god, were convinced that he was not a suitable god for the job, and they thought that a god stronger than him should be the new sun.

 Although Tecuciztecatl, a very rich god, comes forward and says that he will surrender himself to the sun and become the new sun god, he does not have the courage to do so.  In the end, though a little bit stiff, the god Nanahuatzin surrenders himself to the fires and leaps into the sun.

 

  

 When Tecuciztecatl sees his courage, he decides to surrender himself to the sun and jump.  Thus, they both turn into two different suns, but the lights of these two suns were so dazzling that they could no longer see anything.  So one of the other gods throws a rabbit at Tecuciztecatl, reducing its glow and thus transforming it into a moon.  Nanahautzin, now the new sun, will be reborn as Ollin Tonatiuh and enlighten the world.  But now a new problem arose, for this god he would hang motionless in the sky, not completing his cycle, unless the other gods spilled their blood.

 

 Thus, a god named Tlahuizcalpantecuhtli, the lord of the dawn, shoots an arrow at Tonatiuh but misses.  Tonatiuh also turns into Itzlacoliuhqui, the god of frost, coldness and obsidian, as a result of throwing that arrow back to Tlahuizcalpantecuhtli and hitting it directly.  Realizing that they cannot resist, other gods open their breasts and offer their hearts to him.  Quetzalcoatl also cut their hearts with a divine knife.  Thus, Tonatiuh, who is filled with the blood of the gods, starts his cycle in the sky as we see it today.  Quetzalcoatl takes and packs the ornaments and clothing of the sacrificed gods.  The Aztecs began to worship these packages ever since.

HOLIDAY STATE 682-745

HOLIDAY STATE 682-745

 The Göktürks, who lived in Chinese captivity for 50 years, rebelled many times for independence. They did not succeed because they did not have a good leader. In 682, İlteriş (Kutluk) rebelled against China with Tonyukuk.  After the death of İlteriş, Kapağan Kağan took the lead. China was put under pressure. The borders were expanded by subjecting the Qitan, the Kyrgyz and the Onok.

 When the Oguz revolted, the rebellion was suppressed. Kapağan fell into the ambush of the Bayurks as a result of the Chinese provocation and died.  (716) Tahta Kutluk's son, Bilge Kagan, who, together with his brother Kültekin and Vizier Tonyukuk, inflicted a great blow to China and suppressed the uprisings.  After the death of this trio, the state began to weaken.The Basmillar, Karluks, and Uighurs revolted.

 .

 The reasons for the collapse are:

 Strife between tribes

 Chinese repression and intrigue

 Chinese princesses spying

 The fall of the Silk Road to China

 The inheritance system has been effective.

 Looking at the features of Kutluks:

 This state gave the first written examples of our literature and history.

 During the Kapağan Kağan period, agriculture was important.

 A national policy was followed by asking back the Turks who settled in China.

 Founder of Kutluk State

  It is the leader that ensures the independence and sovereignty of the Turks in China.  It is also referred to as İlteriş in literature and historical sources.  He was born and lived in China.  He established the Göktürk State once again in 682.  For this establishment, he is the leader who managed to gather all Turkish Tribes under one flag.  He organized 47 voyages in his life and personally participated in 27 of these voyages.  He ruled for many years and passed away in 692.  After his death, Kapkan Kağan replaced him because his sons were small.

 Rulers of Kutluk State

  The founder of the Kutluk State is known as Kutluk Kağan.  With the death of Kutluk Kağan, Kapkan Kağan replaced him.  Kapkan Khan is the second ruler of the Kutluk State.  After Kapkan Khan, he changed many rulers until his collapse:

  - Kutluk Kagan

  - Kapkan Kagan

  - Inel Kagan

  - Bilge Kagan

  - Yolluğ Tigin (The brightest period)

  - Wise Kutluk Tengri Kagan

  - Siuan Kagan

  - II.  Bilge Kagan

  - Ozmış Kagan

  - Bomei Tegin Kagan

 Kutluk State Boundaries

  The state of Kutluk expanded its borders since its foundation and reached very wide borders until its collapse.  It spread over a wide geography by taking the Chinese lands under its sovereignty.  It has reached Siberia in the north, Iran and Tibet in the south, and the Caspian Sea in the west.  There are Turkes, Karluks, Ötüken, Çin Türkeli, Manchuria and Mongolia lands within the lands.

  The Fall of Kutluk State

  The state of Kutluk went through very bright periods after the reign of Kutluk Khan and spread to wide geographies.  However, after the death of Bilge Kagan, the state witnessed internal conflicts within itself.  The fact that the state has reached wide borders and the administration is not strong has increased the strength of the internal conflicts.  Some Turkish states started to revolt.  Especially the Uighur, Basmil and Karluk Turks broke up the state by causing riots.